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Minimallly invasive surgery Surgery is termed “minimally invasive” if it uses small or no incisions (cuts). Surgeons see your body’s organs with the help of small telescopes and cameras. Surgical repairs are made with very small instruments. Most problems can be treated at the time of diagnosis as one procedure.Some common types of minimally invasive surgery are listed below: Laparoscopy involves placing a lighted telescope (called a laparoscope) with a camera into your belly through a very small incision in the belly button. This allows the surgeon to see inside your belly and pelvis. Robotic laparoscopy uses laparoscopic instruments controlled by a surgeon seated at a console. Hysteroscopy uses a lighted telescope (called a hysteroscope) that is inserted through the vagina and cervix (neck of the womb) to see the inside of the uterus (womb).
There are no incisions made. Benefits of minimally invasive surgery Fewer scars on the outside Scars from minimally invasive surgery are much smaller than in traditional open surgery. Laparoscopy involves 1 incision in the belly button and 1 to 3 others in the lower belly. These incisions are usually 1/4-1/2 inch long. Hysteroscopy leaves no scar because the instrument goes through the natural opening (neck of the womb) from the vagina into the uterus. Fewer scars on the inside In general, all surgery can cause adhesions or scar tissue inside your lower belly abdomen). These scars can cause pain, problems with getting pregnant, or bowel blockage. Minimally invasive surgery may cause less scarring. Quicker recovery Minimally invasive surgery doesn’t usually require a woman to stay overnight in the hospital, compared with 2 to 4 days after open surgery. This reduces the risk for problems such as blood clots in the legs or infection. Less pain, less medication Because incisions are smaller, minimally invasive surgery is less painful than open surgery. This means that women need less pain medication and recover more quickly. Disadvantages of minimally invasive surgery It’s not suitable for everyone Some minimally invasive surgery is riskier for women who have had previous “open” surgery in the upper or lower part of their belly, or women with other medical problems. The surgeon may have other reasons to choose open, and not minimally invasive, surgery. Not all surgeries can be done with minimally invasive techniques. Special training and equipment Surgeons need special training before they can perform minimally invasive surgery. Not all doctors are qualified to do these types of procedures and not all hospitals have the special equipment necessary to do some or all of these kinds of surgeries.
A hysteroscope is an endoscope that carries optical and light channels or fibers. It is introduced in a sheath that provides an inflow and outflow channel for insufflation of the uterine cavity. In addition, an operative channel may be present to introduce scissors, graspers or biopsy instruments. A hysteroscopic resectoscope is similar to a transurethral resectoscope and allows entry of an electric loop to shave off tissue, for instance to eliminate a fibroid. A contact hysteroscope is a hysteroscope that does not use distention media.
Laparoscopy — surgery done through one or more small incisions, using small tubes and tiny cameras and surgical instruments — was one of the first types of minimally invasive surgery. Another type of minimally invasive surgery is robotic surgery. It provides a magnified, 3-D view of the surgical site and helps the surgeon operate with precision, flexibility and control.